What system allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches?

• A. Separation of powers
• B. Checks and balances
• C. Federalism
• D. Constitutional supremacy

Answer: (B)

The concept that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches is known as checks and balances. This system is designed to ensure that no single branch—executive, legislative, or judicial—gains too much power. By providing each branch with specific powers to oversee and restrain the others, checks and balances promote accountability and prevent potential abuses of power. For example, while the legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch has the power to veto legislation, and the judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional. This interdependence strengthens democracy by fostering a balance of power among the branches.

The other options represent important principles as well, but they do not embody this specific function of mutual oversight. Separation of powers refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches, while federalism relates to the division of powers between national and state governments. Constitutional supremacy emphasizes the Constitution as the highest law, ensuring that all laws and government actions conform to it. However, checks and balances specifically address the limitation and regulation of each branch's authority over the others.